C++ With Data Structures Course Contents

C++ Course Content

Chapter 1:

Basics in C++

• Programming Methods
• Procedure Oriented Programming
• Object Oriented Programming
• Introduction to C++
• Variables, Datatypes, Operators
• Reference Operator
• Scope (: :) Resolution Operator
• New Structure of a C++ Program

Chapter 2:

Control Structures

• Conditional - if, if.....else, Nested if...else, Switch...Case
• Loops - While., do.... While, For, Nested Loops
• Jump - Goto, Continue, Break

Chapter 3

Functions

• Introduction
• Defining a Function
• Prototypes
• Actual and Formal Arguments
• Parameter passing Techniques

                              Call by Value
                              Call by Reference
                              Call by Pointer

• Default Arguments
• Function Overloading
• Inline Functions

Chapter 4

OOPS Concepts

• Encapsulation
• Abstraction
• Polymorphism
• Static Binding
• Dynamic Binding
• Inheritence
• Message Passing
• Class
• Object

Chapter 5

Classes And Objects

• Class Declaration
• Access Specifiers
• Data Member and Member Functions
• Creating Objects
• Differences between Class and Structure
• Objects as arguments
• Returning Objects
• Static Members
• Friend Functions
• Friend Classes

Chapter 6

Constructors And Destructors

• Introduction
• Defining Constructor
• Comparing Constructor and Member Function
• Default Constructor
• Argument Constructor
• Copy Constructor
• Constructor Overloading
• Default Arguments in Constructor
• Destructor
• Defining Destructor

Chapter 7

Operator Overloading

• Need of Overloading
• Defining Operator Overloading Function
• Operator Overloading Rules
• Overloading Unary Operators
• Overloading Unary Operators using Friend
• Overloading Binary Operators
• Oveloading Binary Operators using Friend
• Overloading Other Operators

Chapter 8

Inheritance

• Introduction
• Types of Inheritance
• Single Level Inheritance
• Multilevel Inheritance
• Multiple Inheritance
• Hybrid Inheritance
• Hierarchical Inheritance
• Base Class
• Derived Class
• Inheritance Scope
• Protected Members
• Virtual Base Class
• Constructors in Base Class
• Virtual Destructors

Chapter 9

Advanced Class Concepts

• Container Class and Contained Class
• Local Classes
• Inheritance V/S Containership

Chapter 10

Polymorphism and Virtual Functions

• Types of Polymorphism
• Dynamic Binding
• Function Overriding
• Difference Between Function Overloading and Overriding
• Need of Virtual Functions
• Pure Virtual Functions

Chapter 11

Templates

• Need of Template
• Defining Template
• Function Templates
• Class Templates

Chapter 12

Exception Handling

• What is Exception?
• Need of Handling Exceptions
• Types of Exceptions
• Exception Handling Mechanism
• Try, catch and throw keywords

Chapter 13

Streams

• Hierarchy of I/O Streams
• Istream class Functions
• Ostream Class Functions
• IOS Class Functions
• Manipulators

Chapter 14

Files

• Hierarchy of Files Streams
• Opening a File
• File Opening Modes
• Sequential Access Files
• Random Access Files
• Command Line Arguments

Chapter 15

Graphics

• Introduction to Graphics
• Initializing Graphics
• Graphic Drivers and Modes
• Graphic Functions

Chapter 16

Data Structures

• Introduction
• Stacks Using Arrays
• Stacks Using Linked List
• Queues using Arrays
• Queues using Linked List
• Circular Queues
• De - Queues
• Singly Linked List
• Circular Linked List
• Doubly Linked List
• Infix, Prefix and Postfix Expressions
• Trees
• Binary Trees
• Binary Search Trees
• Disected Graphs, Undirected Graphs
• Searching Methods - BFS, DFS
• Searching Techniques - BFS, DFS
• Searching Techniques - Linear, Binary
• Sorting Techniques - Bubble, Insertion, Selection, Quick, Heap and Merge

C with Data Structures Course Content

Programming Approaches

Introduction to C language

• Features of C
• History
• Structure of C Program
• Keywords, Identifiers, Constants            

Data Types

• Primitive Data Types
• Aggregated Data Types

Operators

• Binary Operators
• Unary Operators
• Ternary Operator
• Special Operators
• Order Of Evaluation

Selections

• Simple if
• if...else
• Nested if
• if...else ladder
• Goto Statement
• Break and Continue Statement
• Swith... Case Statement

Iteration

• While
• For
• Do...While
• Nested loop Statements

Arrays

• Introduction to Arrays
• Need for Arrays
• Types of Arrays

                    One Dimensional Arrays

                    Two Dimensional Arrays

                    Multi Dimensional Arrays

String Manipulation

• Declaring String
• Initializing String
• String Functions
• String Formatted Specifiers
• Multiple Strings

Functions

• Introduction to Functions
• Need for Functions
• Classification of Functions
• Function Prototype
• Defining Function
• Calling Function
• Function With Arrays
• Function with Strings
• Recursive Functions

Storage Class Specifiers

• Automatic
• Extern
• Static
• Register

Structures, Unions, Enum

• Introduction to Structures
• Declaring Structures
• Introduction to Structures
• Structures with Array
• Structures with Function
• Nested Structures
• Introduction to Union
• Declaring Union
• Difference between Structures and Unions
• Enumerations
• Typedef

Pointers

• Introduction to Memory
• Introduction to Pointers
• Operations on Pointers
• Pointer to Pointer
• Pointer to Array
• Array of Pointers
• Void Pointer
• Call by Value and Call by Reference
• Passing Pointers to Functions
• Functions returning Pointers
• Pointer to Functions
• Dynamic Function Call with Function Pointer
• Pointers with Structures

Dynamic Memory Allocation

• Allocation (Malloc, Calloc, Realloc)
• De - Allocation (Free)

Files

• Introduction
• File Input, Output Operations
• Sequential Files
• Random Access Files
• Command Line Arguments
• Handling Errors
• Database Vs File System

Graphics

• Introduction to Graphics
• Initializing Graphics
• Graphic Drivers and Modes
• Graphic Functions

                                      DATA STRUCTURES

• Introduction
• Stacks using Arrays
• Stacks using Linked List
• Queues using Arrays
• Queues using Linked List
• Circular Queues
• De - Queues
• Singly Linked List
• Circular Linked List
• Doubly Linked List
• Infix, Prefix and Postfix Expressions
• Trees
• Binary Trees
• Binary Search Trees
• Directed Graphs, Undirected Graphs
• Searching Methods - BFS, DFS
• Searching Techniques - Linear, Binary
• Sorting Techniques - Bubble, Insertion, Selection, Quick, Heap and Merge

Core Java basics

Pointer Arithmetic

Pointer Arithmetic is supported by c++. Java doesn't support pointer arithmetic.

Pointer arithmetic in c++

a[0] = 10;
a[1] = 20;
a[2] = 30;                                     1000 ---> 10           20            30            40           50
a[3] = 40;                                       a             1000    1002       1004        1006        1008
a[4] = 50;
*(a+5) = 60;



*(a+0) --->  * (1000 + 0) ----> * (1000)

*(a+1) ----> * (1000 + 1) -----> * (1002)

* (a+2) -----> *(1000 + 2) ------> * (1004)

* (a+3) -----> * (1000 + 3) --------> *(1006)

* (a+4) ----->  *(1000 + 4) --------> *(1008)


p
2000
1000
-                  -
-                 -
-                 -
-                -
a       
10           20     Unreserved
2000      2002


int main(0
{
int *p;
int a = 10;
p= &a;
printf(" %d", *p);  ------>10
p++;
*p=20;
printf("%d", *p); ------->20
p--;
printf("%d", *p); ------>10
}

Java has automatic memory management. No dangling pointers and no memory leaks.

Memory Leak

When Program loss an address or ability to un reserve the memory which is reserved then the memory would be leaked.

Java simplifies pointer handling no reference / dereference operations.

No make files and no header files.

Data Ware Housing and Mining

Basic Elements Of Data Ware House

1. Source System

2. Data Storing Area

3. Presentation Server

4. Datawarehouse

5. Dimensional model

6. Business Process

7. Data Mart

8. OLAP

9. ROLAP

10. MOLAP

11. End User Application

12. End User Data  Access Tool

13. Modeling Application

14. Meta Data

15. Adhoc Query Tool

Multiplexing

How to share the medium with low or no interface is called multiplexing

Example

Space Division Multiplexing (SDM)

Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

Code Division Multiplexing (CDM)

Client / Server Application

Client Server application is divided into 3 functional units

1. User Interface

2. Business Logic / Application Logic

3. Shared Data

In 1 tier application we have one host that is client

In 2 tier we have client as well as server

In 3 tier we have  client, web server and database

Middle Ware Technologies

Types Of Servers

1. File Server

Any  server access the repository for same server is called file server.

Client  ------>File Calls  -------->File Sever
          <------------Files--------->  

Examples:

Document files, Image Files, Audio Files...etc

2. Database Server

Any server used  to access Data base data is called Database server.

Client-------------->SQL Calls-------------------->DBServer
          <------------------Data--------------------->

Examples:

MS-Access
Oracle
SQLServer

3. Transaction Server

Group of SQL statements are called transaction. Transaction server is a repository of remote procedures.

They are

1. Transaction Lite
2. Transaction Heavy

Client -------------->Remote Procedure------------------>Transaction Server

4. Groupware Server

It is a repository of text

Example

Lotus Nodes

Client ------------>Group Ware Messages ------------>Group Server

5. Object Servers

It interacts with ORB(Object Request Broker).

Client ----ORB------->RMI-------ORB---->OS

Example:

1. Hp's ORB Plus

2. Express

3. Microsoft's Dcom

6. Web Server

WWW is a software it contains web servers.

Client -----------> HTTP Over TCP/IP--------> Web Server ------CGI------>Data server

1. Fat Client

Client Knows about server to access the functionalities.

*  File Server and Database server are called Fat Client

2. Fat Servers

Client doesn't know about servers.

* Groupware Server, Web Server, Transaction Server are called Fat Servers.

* Object server is combination of both fat client and server.

Features Of Java

Features Of Java Language

1. Simplicity
2. Object Oriented
3. Portability
4. Architecture Neutral(System Independent)
5. Multithreaded
6. Secure
7. High Performance
8. Dynamic
9. Distributed
10. Robust

1. Simplicity

The features that are present in C and C++ are almost present in java language also.

i.e. the format that is going to be used in C language and C++ is similar to the format that is going to be sed in Java language also.

2. Object Oriented

Since the Java Language supports all the four object oriented programming concepts, it is called as object oriented programming language.

3. Portability

The result produced in one processor will be exactly seen in all the other processors also.

4. Architecture Neutral (System Independent)

Java Language application can be run in any type of processor and in any type of Operating System.

5. Multithreaded

Executing the sub processors present for a single main processor is called as multithreading.

i.e. Dividing a single application into different sub tasks and executing those sub tasks simultaneously is called as multithreading. By using the concept of multithreading CPU time will not be used.

6. Secure

Java Language provides 100 percent of the security for the data by using the access specifiers.

7. High Performance

Whenever a Java file is compiled a class file will be created which is similar to (Consist of) byte code. This byte code is similar to the machine code. Due to this advantage interpreter will take a less time to convert byte code instructions to native code instructions when compared with most of the other languages.

8. Dynamic

To produce the dynamic web pages java language can be used with the help of AWT and SWINGS.

9. Distributed

The data can be distributed or scattered among different locations by using the applications written in Java language.

10. Robust

Handling the exceptions without effecting the sub sequence statements or subsequent methods is called as Robust.

History Of Java

Java History

In the year 1991 'OAK' software was introduced. The main idea to produce this OAK software is to provide common software which can be worked for Washing Machines, Televisions, Microwovens, CDs..etc.

By taking the concept of OAK software SUN MICRO SYSTEMS company developed a new language called as OAK Language, Which can work for different processors and different Operating Systems.

In the year 1993 WWW(WORLD WIDE WEB) was introduced. From then internet became popular. In the year 1994 "HOT JAVA" was introduced. Hot Java is a browser which supports OAK language.

Due to some judicial problems OAK language was renamed with JAVA.

In the year 1995 the first version of JAVA i.e JAVA 1.0 was released by sun micro systems.

Networking

Networking 

For adding networking functions we should import  java.net package

Logical or Physical link between one or more than  one device or system is called networking.

IP address

16 bit address used to identify each computer/system within network.

Host name

Host name is user defined name which wrap ip address.

Port Number

It is a 16 bit number in order to identify service or program provided by server.

Client

A program which uses the services provided by server.

Server

A program which provides services.

Thread using Runnable Interface

Creating Thread using Runnable Interface

The Runnable interface should be implemented by any class whose instances are intended to be executed as a thread.

The class must define run() method of no arguments.

The run() method is like main() for the new thread provides the means for a class to be active while not subclassing thread.

A thread that implements Runnable can run without sub classing thread by instantiating a thread instance and passing itself in as the target.

Program

class AThread implements Runnable
{
public void run()
{
for (int i=1;i<=10;i++)
System.out.println("Iam runnable");
}
}
class RunnableDemo
{
main(0
{
AThread a = new AThread();
Thread t1 = new Thread(a);
t1.start(0;
}
}

Hai Friends, Today we would learn regarding Inter Thread Process Communication

Inter Thread Process Communication

One Thread Communicate with another thread inorder to avoid dead locks.

1. wait

2. notify or notifyAll

1.wait

To call wait(), notify(), notifyAll() the current thread should be owner of the object.

* We can call these methods only from synchronized block.

* If we call these method from non synchronized block then compiler give IllegelMonitorStateException.

* After calling wait method, the thread releases lock and enter into waiting state.

* After giving the notification by notify() the thread not release the lock.

* The only case lock is released is wait method.

Today we are going to learn about how to use Synchronization in Multi Threading Through program

class Account
{
private float balance;
Account(float balance)
{
this.balance=balance;
}
void deposit (String name)
{
for(int i=1;i<=10; i++)
balance = balance +100;
System.out.println(name+" "+"Balance is" +balance);
}
}
class TransactionThread extends Thread
{
Account acc;
String name;
TranscationThread (Account acc, String name)
{
this.acc = acc;
this.name = name;
}
public void run(0
{
acc.deposit (name);
}
clas AccountSynch
{
main()
{
Account acc1 = new Account(5000f);
TransactionThread  t1= new TransactionThread
TransactionThread t2 =(101, "Rama");
TransactionThread t2=(acc, "Sita");
t1.start();
t2.start();

Today we are going to learn about Java. 

Core Java

Multi Threading:

Synchronization/Locking Mechanism

More than one thread shares the resources.

There are two types of Locks

1. Object Locking

2. Class Locking

* When more than one thread operates on same resources there is a chance of getting inaccurate results to overcome these methods of that class is defined as synchronized.

synchronized return type method-name(parameters)

{

statements;

}

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